Uno studio comparativo del microbioma intestinale in bambini indiani con diabete di tipo 1 e controlli sani

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs in genetically susceptible individuals due to certain environmental triggers causing destruction of insulin secreting beta cells. One of the environmental triggers studied recently in the pathogenesis and progression of T1DM is the role of gut microbiome. (1) To compare the gut microbiome profile of T1DM children with healthy age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) matched controls. (2) To assess the relationship of abundance of genera with glycemic control in children with T1DM. Cross‐sectional, case–control study. Sixty‐eight children with T1DM and 61 age‐, gender‐, and BMI‐matched healthy controls were enrolled. QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini kit protocol and reagents were used for DNA isolation and Miseq sequencing platform for targeted gene sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analysis showed no significant differences in the abundance of microbes between the groups. At phylum level, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum followed by Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota in both groups. Analysis of microbiome at the genera level showed that percentage abundance for Parasutterella was higher in children with T1DM as compared to the healthy group ( p < .05). A linear regression analysis showed that increase in abundance of Haemophilus (adjusted R 2 = −1.481 p < .007) was associated with a significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations ( p < .05). Our comparative study of gut microbiome profile showed significant differences in the taxonomial composition between Indian children with T1DM and healthy controls. Short chain fatty acid producers may play an important role in glycemic control. Highlights To best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to compare the gut microbiome of Indian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and healthy controls. There were significant differences observed in the gut microbiome profile at the genera level of children with T1DM as compared to controls, thus indicating a distinct gut microbial signature in children with type 1 diabetes. Short chain fatty acid producers may play an important role as significant predictor of glycemic control in Indian children with T1DM. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to compare the gut microbiome of Indian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and healthy controls. There were significant differences observed in the gut microbiome profile at the genera level of children with T1DM as compared to controls, thus indicating a distinct gut microbial signature in children with type 1 diabetes. Short chain fatty acid producers may play an important role as significant predictor of glycemic control in Indian children with T1DM.