Aderenza all'educazione nutrizionale personalizzata basata sui principi dell'indice glicemico e dell'indice insulinico degli alimenti e loro associazione con il controllo della glicemia in individui con diabete mellito di tipo 2

Personalised nutrition education (PNE) can enhance blood glucose control (BGC). We determined whether patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) adhered to PNE based on glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and food insulin index (FII) principles and whether adherence was associated with improved BGC. This retrospective cohort included 67 files for patients who received PNE. The patients completed 3-day food and blood glucose records at three points over 90 days. HbA1c values were compared between time points. An adherence score sheet (ASS) was used to determine their adherence to PNE and the main meal adherence classification (MMAC). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the changes over time. A chi-square test determined the association between the MMAC and blood glucose levels falling within the targeted ranges. Correlations between dietary adherence and BGC indicators were examined using Pearson’s product–moment correlation. Adherence ranged from 88 to 95%. MMAC score was significantly associated with blood glucose being within the targeted ranges ( p = 0.028). Mean blood glucose decreased over time, but the correlations with adherence were only significant at time point 1 ( p = 0.029). HbA1c levels decreased significantly over time ( p = 0.003), but their correlation with adherence was not significant ( p > 0.05). In patients with T2DM, high adherence to PNE based on GI, GL, and FII principles was associated with improved BGC.